What are the guiding principles for the design and implementation of MBMs?
The guiding principles for the design and implementation of market-based measures (MBMs) for international aviation:
- MBMs should support sustainable development of the international aviation sector
- MBMs should support the mitigation of GHG emissions from international aviation
- MBMs should contribute towards achieving global aspirational goals
- MBMs should be transparent and administratively simple
- MBMs should be cost-effective
- MBMs should not be duplicative and international aviation CO2 emissions should be accounted for only once
- MBMs should minimize carbon leakage and market distortions
- MBMs should ensure the fair treatment of the international aviation sector in relation to other sectors
- MBMs should recognize past and future achievements and investments in aviation fuel efficiency and in other measures to reduce aviation emissions
- MBMs should not impose inappropriate economic burden on international aviation
- MBMs should facilitate appropriate access to all carbon markets
- MBMs should be assessed in relation to various measures on the basis of performance measured in terms of CO2 emissions reductions or avoidance, where appropriate
- MBMs should include de minimis provisions
- where revenues are generated from MBMs, it is strongly recommended that they should be applied in the first instance to mitigating the environmental impact of aircraft engine emissions, including mitigation and adaptation, as well as assistance to and support for developing States
- where emissions reductions are achieved through MBMs, they should be identified in States’ emissions reporting
- MBMs should take into account the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, the special circumstances and respective capabilities, and the principle of non-discrimination and equal and fair opportunities
