What are the measured identified by ICAO to limit or reduce CO2 emissions from international civil aviation?
The basket of measures include six categories of measures.
1) Aircraft-related Technology Development
a. Aircraft minimum fuel efficiency standards
b. Aggressive aircraft fuel efficiency standards, setting standards for the future
c. Purchase of new aircraft
d. Retrofitting and upgrade improvements on existing aircraft
e. Optimizing improvements in aircraft produced in the near to mid-term
f. Avionics
g. Adoption of revolutionary new designs in aircraft/engines
2) Alternative Fuels
a. Development of biofuels
b. Development of other fuels with lower lifecycle CO2 emissions
c. Standards/requirements for alternative fuel use
3) Improved Air Traffic Management and Infrastructure Use
a. More efficient ATM planning, ground operations, terminal operations (departure,
approach and arrivals), en-route operations, airspace design and usage, aircraft
capabilities
b. More efficient use and planning of airport capacities
c. Installation of airport infrastructure such as Fixed Electrical Ground Power and Pre-
Conditioned Air to allow aircraft APU switch-off
d. Construction of additional runways and taxiways if used solely to relieve traffic
congestion
e. Collaborative research endeavours
4) More efficient operations
a. Best practices in operations
b. Optimized aircraft maintenance (including jet engine cleaning/washing)
c. Selecting aircraft best suited to mission
5) Economic / market-based measures
a. Voluntary inclusion of aviation sector in emissions trading scheme
b. Incorporation of emissions from international aviation into regional or national
emissions trading schemes, in accordance with relevant international instruments
c. Establishment of a multilateral emissions trading scheme for aviation which allows
trading permits with other sectors, in accordance with relevant international
instruments
d. Establishment of a framework for linking existing emissions trading schemes and
providing for their extension to international aviation, in accordance with relevant
international instruments
e. Emissions charges or modulation of landing/take-off (LTO) charges, in accordance
with relevant international instruments
f. Positive economic stimulation by regulator: research programs, special consideration
and government programs/legislation and accelerated depreciation of aircraft
g. Accredited offset schemes
h. Explore extension of CDM
i. Taxation of aviation fuel, in accordance with relevant international instruments
6) Regulatory measures / Other
a. Airport movement caps / slot management
b. Enhancing weather forecasting services
c. Requiring transparent carbon reporting
d. Conferences / workshops
Source: ICAO Back to all F.A.Q.
1) Aircraft-related Technology Development
a. Aircraft minimum fuel efficiency standards
b. Aggressive aircraft fuel efficiency standards, setting standards for the future
c. Purchase of new aircraft
d. Retrofitting and upgrade improvements on existing aircraft
e. Optimizing improvements in aircraft produced in the near to mid-term
f. Avionics
g. Adoption of revolutionary new designs in aircraft/engines
2) Alternative Fuels
a. Development of biofuels
b. Development of other fuels with lower lifecycle CO2 emissions
c. Standards/requirements for alternative fuel use
3) Improved Air Traffic Management and Infrastructure Use
a. More efficient ATM planning, ground operations, terminal operations (departure,
approach and arrivals), en-route operations, airspace design and usage, aircraft
capabilities
b. More efficient use and planning of airport capacities
c. Installation of airport infrastructure such as Fixed Electrical Ground Power and Pre-
Conditioned Air to allow aircraft APU switch-off
d. Construction of additional runways and taxiways if used solely to relieve traffic
congestion
e. Collaborative research endeavours
4) More efficient operations
a. Best practices in operations
b. Optimized aircraft maintenance (including jet engine cleaning/washing)
c. Selecting aircraft best suited to mission
5) Economic / market-based measures
a. Voluntary inclusion of aviation sector in emissions trading scheme
b. Incorporation of emissions from international aviation into regional or national
emissions trading schemes, in accordance with relevant international instruments
c. Establishment of a multilateral emissions trading scheme for aviation which allows
trading permits with other sectors, in accordance with relevant international
instruments
d. Establishment of a framework for linking existing emissions trading schemes and
providing for their extension to international aviation, in accordance with relevant
international instruments
e. Emissions charges or modulation of landing/take-off (LTO) charges, in accordance
with relevant international instruments
f. Positive economic stimulation by regulator: research programs, special consideration
and government programs/legislation and accelerated depreciation of aircraft
g. Accredited offset schemes
h. Explore extension of CDM
i. Taxation of aviation fuel, in accordance with relevant international instruments
6) Regulatory measures / Other
a. Airport movement caps / slot management
b. Enhancing weather forecasting services
c. Requiring transparent carbon reporting
d. Conferences / workshops
Source: ICAO Back to all F.A.Q.
