Verifavia is the first verifier accredited to provide ICAO's CORSIA verification audits to aeroplane operators. Verifavia also provides  CORSIA training courses.

Interested in  ICAO's CORSIA and the future of Aviation EU ETS?  We look forward to welcoming and meeting you at Aviation Carbon 2019! 
Verifavia provides carbon emissions verification services for airports applying for Airport Carbon Accreditation (levels 1, 2, 3 and 3+)
Verifavia provides independent carbon emissions verification for airlines (Aviation EU ETS and CORSIA)
Verifavia provides  EU MRV, IMO DCS, CSI and CCWG verification services   for maritime transport (shipping)
Verifavia provides independent carbon emissions verification for business and corporate jet operators (Aviation EU ETS and CORSIA)
Verifavia provides cosmic radiation monitoring services for aircrews of airliners and corporate jets

Verifavia

Verifavia is a worldwide independent environmental verification, certification and auditing body for aviation (airlines and business jets), airports and maritime transport.

In particular, Verifavia provides training, capacity building and verification audits for ICAO's CORSIA, EU ETS and Swiss ETS to aircraft operators and aviation regulatory authorities.

Verifavia is the first verification company to announce accreditation under CORSIA.
Verifavia brings its expertise to the following sectors
Commercial Aviation Commercial Aviation
Commercial Aviation
Business Aviation Business Aviation
Business Aviation
Airports Airports
Airports
Regulatory Authorities Regulatory Authorities
Regulatory Authorities
Shipping Shipping
Shipping
Ports Ports
Ports
Verifavia News
16
APR
2019
ICAO's CORSIA - April 2019 Newsletter
05
APR
2019
VERIFAVIA BECOMES FIRST VERIFICATION COMPANY TO ANNOUNCE ACCREDITATION UNDER NEW CORSIA GLOBAL CARBON SCHEME FOR AIRLINES
02
APR
2019
VERIFAVIA SHIPPING DIVERSIFIES WITH LAUNCH OF INVENTORY OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (IHM) SERVICES FOR SHIPPING
All Verifavia News
Industry News
15
MAR
2019
Agreement on sustainability criteria and advisory body for CORSIA carbon credits welcomed, although with reservations from NGOs
12
MAR
2019
FAA launches voluntary MRV Program for US aircraft operators participating in CORSIA
06
MAR
2019
ICAO Council approves criteria for CORSIA emissions units and structure for new body overseeing eligibility
All Industry News
Verifavia in the press
03
APR
2019
Verifavia Shipping Diversifies With Launch Of Inventory Of Hazardous Material (IHM) Services
28
MAR
2019
How aviation flew past shipping on emissions
26
FEB
2019
BLUETRACKER’S EU MRV AND IMO DCS MODULES FULLY COMPLY WITH INTERNATIONAL EMISSION COMPLIANCE REGULATIONS
All Verifavia in the press
Events
4-5 November 2019, London Heathrow
Aviation Carbon 2019
All Events
References
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BREST AIRPORT
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Brest Bretagne (BES) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Royal Air Maroc
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Royal Jordanian
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Croatia Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Aviastar-TU
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Serbia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
SkyExpress
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Qatar Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Corsica
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Arik Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Bristow Helicopters
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Sri Lankan
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
VistaJet
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
AeroMexico
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Nice Côte d'Azur International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Nice Côte d'Azur International Airport for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 3+. 
Armavia Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Albanian Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Astana
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Atlanta Icelandic
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Primera Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Qatar Amiri Flight
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Etihad Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Avient
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Omni Air International
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Uzbekistan Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Silk Way West Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
ATR
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Austral
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Southwest
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Johannesbug OR Tambo International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Johannesburg OR Tambo International Airport (JNB) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Levels 1 and 2.
 
Air Asia X
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Belle Air Europe
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Arkia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Aigle Azur
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Syrianair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
OSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Osaka International Airport (ITM) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 3. 

 
Jet Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Belle Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Azerbaijan
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Turkish CAA
Verifavia provided training and capacity building to the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) of Turkey and to Turkish airlines in Aviation EU ETS and Aviation MRV.
Hermes Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Airbus SAS
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Eurolot
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Dakar Blaise Diagne International Airport
Verifavia is providing independent carbon emissions verification to Dakar Blaise Diagne International Airport (DKR) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1. 
EU ETS Verification
Verifavia has a portfolio of around 700 business and corporate jet operators worldwide.
EDEIS (ex-SNC LAVALIN)
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to the 19 airports managed by Edeis (ex-SNC Lavalin) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1. 
Vietnam Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Estonian Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Wizz
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Viking Hellas
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
ABX Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Sun-Air of Scandinavia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
GlobalJet Luxembourg
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Oman Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Gama Aviation
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Belavia
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Silk Way West Airlines
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Vim Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Middle East Airlines (MEA)
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Garuda Indonesia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Tailwind Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
TOKYO NARITA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Tokyo Narita International Airport (NRT) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 3. 
 
Gulf Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Thai Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
UT Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Jet Aviation
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Darwin Airline / Etihad Regional
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Helvetic
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Cape Town International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Cape Town International Airport (CPT) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
Hamad International Airport Qatar
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to ​Hamad International Airport Qatar (DOH) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Levels 1, 2 and 3.
Ukraine Air Alliance
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Flying Group
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Caraïbes
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Biman Bangladesh Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Jet Time
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Libreville International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Libreville Leon Mba International Airport (LBV) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Levels 1 and 2.
Star Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Silk Way Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Airlinair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Kharkiv Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Salvador de Bahia International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport in Salvador de Bahia for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1. 
Georgian Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Turkish CAA
Verifavia provided Aviation EU ETS / MRV training and capacity building to the Turkish DGCA and Turkish airlines.
SEATTLE-TACOMA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 3. 
Air Arabia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
WOW Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Transavia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions pre-verification under the EU ETS directive
Israir
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
ASL Airlines Switzerland
Verifavia provided training in Aviation EU ETS
Evergreen
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Viking
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Tunisair
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Braathens Regional Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Afriqiyah
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Mauritius International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Mauritius International Airport (MRU) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
Bucharest Airports
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Bucharest Henri Coanda International Airport (OTP) and Bucharest Baneasa (BBU) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Levels 1 and 2.
Keflavik International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Keflavik International Airport (KEF) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
GlobalJet Luxembourg
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Cambodian Airports
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville airports for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
Jet Aviation
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Air Canada
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
CleanSky BASE Project
SustainAvia - a division of Verifavia - participated in the CleanSky BASE Project.
Marseille Provence International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Marseille Provence International Airport for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 3. 
Lyon Saint Exupery International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Lyon Saint-Exupery International Airport (LYS) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Levels 2, 3 and 3+.
Farnair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Nippon Cargo Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
People's Viennaline
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Airbus Transport International (ATI)
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Malmö Aviation
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
VINCI AIRPORTS
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to 13 airports operated by VINCI Airports.
Air Algérie
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Norwegian
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Kansai International Airport (KIX) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 3. 
 
Malaysia Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
AERODOM
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to 6 airports in Dominican Republic for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1. 
 
Nouvelair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
City Jet
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Seychelles
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Caraïbes
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Héliport de Monaco
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to the Heliport de Monaco for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1. 
TAMPA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Tampa International Airport (TPA) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1. 
 
French Bee
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
La Rochelle - Ile de Ré Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to La Rochelle - Ile de Ré Airport (LRH) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
Open Skies
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
AKDN
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Astana
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
International Jet Management
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Small Planet
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Tunisair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Pakistan International Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Singapore Airlines
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Allied Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Azerbaijan State Civil Aviation Agency
VERIFAVIA provided CORSIA training to the Azerbaijan State Civil Aviation Agency
 
 
WestJet
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Belavia
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Orenair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Luxair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Cargolux
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Eastern Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Libyan Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Kuwait Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Abidjan International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Abidjan Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport (ABJ) for ACA Levels 1, 2 and 3+.
Thomas Cook Airlines
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
MBM project for Thai DCA
We participated in the 'Study and Capacity Building on MBM for Effective Carbon Emission Reduction in Thailand.'
Onurair
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Yemenia - Yemen Airways
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Kobe International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Kobe International Airport for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 2. 
Nordic Global Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
La Compagnie
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
United Airlines
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
KingFisher
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Amapola
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
US Airline CONFIDENTIAL
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Travel Service / Smartwings
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Kalitta Air
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Méditerranée
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
CleanSky FRARS-2 Project
SustainAvia - a division of Verifavia - participated in the CleanSky FRARS-2 Project.
GENEVA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Geneva International Airport (GVA) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 3+. 
TACV - Cabo Verde Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Polet Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Jordan Aviation
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
CleanSky CARING Project
Verifavia's sister-company SustainAvia participated in the CleanSky CARING Project
ExecuJet
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
CHC
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
VLM Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Dubrovnik Airline
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Lituanica
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Antilles Express
Verifavia provided training in Aviation EU ETS
Qatar Airways
Verifavia is providing independent carbon inventory verification according to the GHG Protocol
Binter
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Madagascar
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
WSP / ACI Europe
Verifavia contributed to the developments of the 'ACA online' tool set up by ACI Europe and WSP.
Ryan International Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
South African Airports
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to four South African Airports for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
Baboo
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Iceland
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Singapore Airlines Cargo
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Transat
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Participation in meeting and consultation on EU ETS
Verifavia has participated in numerous stakeholders meetings and consultations on Aviation EU ETS
Newquay Cornwall Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification services to Newquay Cornwall Airport (NQY) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 2. 
Egpytair
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
MBM project for Thai DCA
We participated in the 'Study and Capacity Building on MBM for Effective Carbon Emission Reduction in Thailand.'
Azerbaijan Airlines
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Bahrain International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to ​Bahrain International Airport (BAH) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1. 
Air India
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Dassault Aviation
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Greenland
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Blubird Cargo
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Ethiopian
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
TACV - Cabo Verde Airlines
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Middle East Airlines
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Honolulu International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to ​Honolulu International Airport (HNL) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Levels 1 and 2.
West Atlantic
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
SkyWork Airlines
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Mexicana
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
TAM Linhas Aéreas
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Arik Air
Verifavia provided training in ICAO's CORSIA.
Twin Jet
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Air Guyane
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
Nantes Atlantique International Airport
Verifavia provided independent carbon emissions verification to Nantes Atlantique International Airport (NTE) for Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Level 1.
Air New Zealand
Verifavia provided independent greenhouse gas emissions verification under the EU ETS directive
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